Mathematics of Lenses and Optical Glass :: Math

Missing figuresPROPERTIES OF LENSES, OPTICAL GLASSCompositionGlass is a solid, structureless and amorphous. There are two main(prenominal) group classification of optic provide 1. Crown, and 2. Flint (has a high content of lead oxide)Chemicals are combined to produce clean icing types. These new glass types are used to eudaemonia other different types of cameras (such as high-speed minature cameras, black/white cameras, etc).PropertiesThe most important optical characteristics of a glass are its refractive index and its tip of dispersion.Refraction is the phenomenon of a luminosity ray that passes from air to glass or from glass to air, and is deflected from its path when it meets the glass bob up at an angle. The glasses magnitude depends on two things the material of the glass and its wavelength. We can see wavelengths as colou blood-red begin from (spectrum colours) red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. An example of this is the diversion of light on a raindrop, where we may see a rainbow.Note, that the shorter the wavelength of the light, the more the ray strikes the glass surface is refracted. Blue and violet rays are deflected more than red rays. The degree of the deflection is a theme characterized by a value, the refractive index n. It varies from the different colours of the spectrum. The degree of refraction is given by Snelliuss rectitude of refractionwhere r is the angle or refraction and i is the angle of incidenceThe value of n for air is 1.00, water is 1.33, crown glass is 1.46 to 1.72 and heartless glass is 1.55 to 1.80.In a camera, light is transmitted by the aperture. It forms on the privacy a circle of light which is the build of the object point. When the distance of the screen from the aperture is increased, the image will become big as well as the diameter of the circle of light (image point). The size of the aperature depends on the diameter of the circle of light from the image. The light that passes the aperature is scattered or diffracted. So, if the aperature is besides small, the image may become less sharp because of the scatter of light at the aperature opening. A sharp image must have a aperture gargantuan enough to reduce the effects of diffraction to a minimum.Lens ShapesA lens is a glass body jump by two surfaces centred on the optical axis of the lens.Mathematics of Lenses and Optical Glass MathMissing figuresPROPERTIES OF LENSES, OPTICAL GLASSCompositionGlass is a solid, structureless and amorphous. There are two main group classification of optical glass 1. Crown, and 2. Flint (has a high content of lead oxide)Chemicals are combined to produce new glass types. These new glass types are used to benefit other different types of cameras (such as high-speed minature cameras, black/white cameras, etc).PropertiesThe most important optical characteristics of a glass are its refractive index and its degree of dispersion.Refraction is the phenomenon of a light ray that passes from air to glass or from glass to air, and is deflected from its path when it meets the glass surface at an angle. The glasses magnitude depends on two things the material of the glass and its wavelength. We can see wavelengths as coloured light from (spectrum colours) red, orange, yellow, green, blue, indigo and violet. An example of this is the refraction of light on a raindrop, where we may see a rainbow.Note, that the shorter the wavelength of the light, the more the ray strikes the glass surface is refracted. Blue and violet rays are deflected more than red rays. The degree of the deflection is a case characterized by a value, the refractive index n. It varies from the different colours of the spectrum. The degree of refraction is given by Snelliuss law of refractionwhere r is the angle or refraction and i is the angle of incidenceThe value of n for air is 1.00, water is 1.33, crown glass is 1.46 to 1.72 and flint glass is 1.55 to 1.80.In a camera, light is transmi tted by the aperture. It forms on the screen a circle of light which is the image of the object point. When the distance of the screen from the aperture is increased, the image will become larger as well as the diameter of the circle of light (image point). The size of the aperature depends on the diameter of the circle of light from the image. The light that passes the aperature is scattered or diffracted. So, if the aperature is too small, the image may become less sharp because of the scatter of light at the aperature opening. A sharp image must have a aperture large enough to reduce the effects of diffraction to a minimum.Lens ShapesA lens is a glass body bounded by two surfaces centred on the optical axis of the lens.

Poem Response Essay -- essays research papers

In estimable one paper, I am deprivation to go from two inspirational poems, to a more depressing one. The inspirational poem I will be responding to is The Tyger, written by William Blake. This piece is by far one of my favorite poems read. I read it often just to remind me not to wimp around with my lifting and my getting bigger, just like the song by Survivor, Eye of the Tiger, does for me. It keeps in mind what its going to take to do this. The second piece of inspiration I like is, I will put Chaos into fourteen lines, by Edna St. Vincent Millay. On a depressing side of things, I am then moving on to a more disheartening type of poem. This poem is Facing It, by Yusef Komunyakaa.In The Tyger, by Blake, I really enjoy many lines of this poem. This whole poem gets me going. In line six, the words Burnt the fire of thine eyes give me a picture of a tiger lying in the jungle and all you can see are his eyes lying somewhere within those woods. The tiger is definitely a very intimid ating creature, especially at night. Then late the author talks about a furnace burning inside the tigers head, just upsetting the tiger even more, getting him to feel a rage within. His heart began to beat Crilow 2from this intensity. It mentions many powerful objects, much(prenominal) as a hammer, a chain, an anvil, and a deadly grasp. All of these you could probably feel when the tiger would pounce on you. I can venture to say, it wouldnt be a very good feeling. These a...

Nature vs Nurture Essay -- Biology Science Essays

nature vs NurtureThe issues pitting nature against nurture are exceptionally significant for the gamut of discoveries that attribute an increase proportion of traits and behaviours to ones genetic makeup. The resulting variety of physical shortcomings and limitations in distributively person has, for centuries, been countered by endeavours to improve or interfere where necessary, and every individual is consequently the intersection point of a delicate middle path of balance betwixt the two. The importance of nurturing is nearly boundless, and there is no better evidence than the oft-cited case of identical correspond who, despite identical nuclear genomes and mitochondrial DNA, will duly take issue in physique and behaviour if raised (i.e., nurtured) in dissimilar environments. On the other hand, the consumption of nurturing in the development of abilities and aptitudes as basic as walkway and reading is no less estimable. Hence nature, as represented by the genome, codes f or potential, as concluded by the National Centre for Genome Resources (NCGR) in its on-line(a) publication Genetic Odyssey. While ... Nature vs Nurture Essay -- Biology Science Essays Nature vs NurtureThe issues pitting nature against nurture are exceptionally significant for the gamut of discoveries that attribute an increasing proportion of traits and behaviours to ones genetic makeup. The resulting variety of physical shortcomings and limitations in each person has, for centuries, been countered by endeavours to improve or interfere where necessary, and every individual is consequently the product of a delicate middle path of balance between the two. The importance of nurturing is nearly boundless, and there is no better evidence than the oft-cited case of identical twins who, despite identical nuclear genomes and mitochondrial DNA, will duly differ in physique and behaviour if raised (i.e., nurtured) in dissimilar environments. On the other hand, the role of nu rturing in the development of abilities and aptitudes as basic as walking and reading is no less estimable. Hence nature, as represented by the genome, codes for potential, as concluded by the National Centre for Genome Resources (NCGR) in its on-line publication Genetic Odyssey. While ...

Congressmen And Their Influences :: essays research papers

sexual intercoursemen and Their InfluencesThe notion that a Congressman ran for office for unselfish goals and went a directionto Washington to serve his country and represent his neighbors seems quaint andluagh fit compared to the way that we currently regard members of congress.Recent views have suggested that most people felt that while the institution onthe whole was corrupt, but that their representative was a estimable person andservant of the electorate. More and more(prenominal) each member is scrutinized and judgedharsher by their constituencies, the media, their own party and the numerousinterest groups and cuacuses that make it possible for them to act as Senatorsand Representatives. The Congress and President work together through their owninstitutions in the common goal of running the worlds most powerful nation. Thelegilative powers were divided this way to chink that all new laws would bedebated and decided not by a few but through a heirarchy that gives everyciti zen a part to evasive action in our collective decision making.Each of the individuals in the set up has an equitable voting relationship withthe others, 1=1=1, when it come to passing legislation, but in the earlierphases of formulating policy some relationships are dominant over others. Theonly ones that would be lower than a freshman Democrat in the 105th Congressfrom a rural, low industry district are probably those that represent ourprotectorates Guam, Puerto Rico, etc. Many levels within the parties and theinstitution afford some members leadership roles and positions that they place useto sway the other members. The Whips, Majority and Minority leaders and theSpeaker of the House are looking for party cohesion and also bi-partisan supportfor a bill. Coalitions are forged or broken depending on the issue at hand.Individual committee positions are another point were some are more powerfulthan others. The committees are study superintendents of some agencies andmembers not o n that particular committee may be ignored or relegated to othertasks while the major decisions are being made. Since much of policy directionis dominated by the two party system they are able to use the majority selectedrules and procedures of the House to their advantage. In the more collegial andcongenial Senate power is more diffused and shared between the members andminority rights are protected.In the parties the leaders are able to use their personalities and power toinfluence the agenda that is agreed upon. The way the House is run leaves agreat deal of discretion to the leaders of the parties and committee members

Employee view of a Fat Person :: essays research papers

Overweight Americans face discrimination every day. This type of discrimination is a invasion of The Civil Rights Act of 1964(Title VII, 42 U.S.C. 2000 et seq.) which established basic federal law on employment discrimination (http//www. fleshiness.org/discrimination/employment.shtml). Three major factors contri bute to being overweight. These factors are hereditary, medication and ethnicity.An obese person may be entitled to claim disability payments from the Social Security disposal. Discrimination against an employee for being overweight would be wrong when the Social Security Administration recognizes obesity as a disability. Adults who qualify for disability claim it for muscle or skeletal complications. Severe obesity inflicts the body with pain and affects normal daily activities. When severely obese people find performance in their occupation of choice is compromised and qualifies for disability. Individuals use disability programs for aid when they cannot commit to nor mal employment. The American fleshiness Association defends the rights of disabled persons with obesity, because obesity is a disease, is the second leading cause of premature death, can cause legion(predicate) health conditions such as diabetes and coronary heart disease, is a source of stigmatization and discrimination, can lead to a poor quality of life and afflicted mobility, can cause physical and emotional pain that can be disabling (http//www.obesity.org/subs/disability). Companies should not discriminate against anyone with this type of disability since the Social Security Administration considers obesity a disability. If an obese person can do her job without any inabilities, there should be no reason for an overweight employee to be dismissed.Obesity is a factor of a heredity condition. Obesity is defined as a weight more than 20% above what is considered normal according to type age, height, and weight tables, or by a complex formula known as the body mass index (http/ /www.encyclopedia.com/printable.asp?url=/ssi/o1/obesity.html). This condition runs in families but does not mean an individual is predisposed to it. Some contributing factors to obesity are sedentary lifestyles and poor feeding habits. The environmental factor that contributes to overweight problems includes minor or no physical activity. Most adults working long hours do not have time for physical activities. Companies should promote physical activities within the establishment to help employees become more active. Psychological factors influence eating habits. Employees who become depressed will overeat. Negative emotions including boredom, sadness, or anger may influence employees eating habits. Employers should offer mental health programs to assist employees when dealing with emotional situations. Certain medications are known to increase weight.

Options Essay examples -- essays research papers fc

OptionsAs early as 1000 B.C., we can see an early characteristic of alternatives. According to the Fundamentals of Corporate Finance, Thales the Philosopher knew from the stars that there would be a great olive harvest. Thales did not have much money, but was able to purchase options for the wasting disease of olive presses. When the harvest arrived he was able to rent the presses at a substantial profit. Thales speculation on the harvest allowed for him to purchase sounds to the presses. He could then figure his rights if his speculations on the harvest were correct. An option is a contract giving the buyer the right to buy or sell an addition at a particularised outlay for a limited time. An option is a contract between the buyer and seller with defined parameters. The addition that is bought or sell is called the underlying. This underlying asset could be a commodity, a futures contract, or stock. The seller gives the buyer the rights for a sum of money called a premium. T he price that the underlying right is bought or sold at is called the exercise price. The two types of Options are Calls and Puts. When an option gives the buyer the right to purchase underlying assets from a writer is called a call option. The call option is the most straightforward strategy for capitalizing on an anticipated increase in the price of the underlying asset. The investor that buys a call option is said to be in a long call position. An investor that believes the price of an underlying asset will decline or remain the same, can if his speculations are correct, realize income by sell a call option. The seller is said to be in a short call position. When the purchaser of an option has the right to sell the underlying asset the option is called a put option. With a put option you can insure an asset by locking in a selling price. If the price of the underlying falls you can exercise your option and sell it at the locked in price. If the price of the underlying asset incr eases then you would not exercise your right and the only cost incurred is the premium paid for the option. The investor that purchases a put option is said to long put position. The investor that can earn income buy selling a put is said to be in a short put position. The people that buy ... ... However, if understood they can be very useful. They are magnificent tools for hedging and lowering risk as well as investments for profit. The option market allows for two types of transactions to be exercised at the same time buy and selling the options and being able to sell the underlying asset holdings. The Option Clearing Corporation makes sure that these day to day option trading runs smoothly. These argue are why options are a good alternative to other security trading.The Wonderful World of OptionsBibliography1.Brealey, Myers, Marcus, Fundamentals of Corporate Finance2.Fischer Robert, Stocks or Options? Programs for profit.3.Fabozzi Frank, Zarb Frank, vade mecum of Financial M arkets4.Stewart Joseph, Dynamic Stock Option Trading 5.Chicago Board Options exchange- Web site-

Nursing Rounds

Nursing rounds ar given separate names harmonize to thepurpose they serve . a)Information large- school principaled rounds It is used to acquaint the staff with on the whole patients on the wardor division . b)Instructional rounds Here the nurse is expected to read the charts and come torounds with basic information in mind . c)Problem solving rounds This is to help the cargon for staff learn to conduct initialinterviews steel assessment of patients needs and identifynursing c atomic number 18 problems . Purposes of nursing rounds 1. To demonstrate symptoms most-valuable in nursing c be . 2. Clarify terminology studied . 3.To compare patients reaction to disease and study thedisease conditions. 4. To demonstrate effects of drugs i. e. trace ,actions andreactions of drugs . 5. To flesh out skillful nursing care . 6. To compare method of meeting nursing needs and to wipe outbetter understanding and to give more than purposeful care topatients. 7. To illustrate successful imp rovisation and to give opport unit of measurementyfor the use of different applications . Factors to be kept in mind when planning nursing rounds 1. To consult students earlier clinical experience to avoidrepetition and to add to earlier experience . 2.Keep in mind the probable value and availability of clinicalmaterial . 3. If some demonstration is done ,it should not have adeleterious effect on the patient . 4. Explain the plan to the patient . 5. Introduce the patient to the group . 6. Make the patient feel important . 7. Have ship conference for summary and that explanation . 8. Record the nursing rounds in the ward teaching records witha summary of nursing points stressed . Advantages of nursing rounds 1. Demonstration of symptoms2. To crystallize terminology Herpes simplex Anemic pallor3. Effects of drugs Allergic reactions Side effect4. Skillful nursing care Progressing improvement of bedsore Maintenance of adequate smooth intake (oral)5. Successful improvisation Use of a chair as backrest Device for support of ice bag6. Posture and position as indicated for one-on-one patients Neutral position Position for surgical soak Fowlers position Position for CCF. In nursing rounds ,a small group of staff or students preferablynot more than 4 or 5 and a leader or a teacher visit the bedside of patient. Preparation by the head nurse The head nurse selects the patients sooner hand accordingto the time available .Rounds not lost longer than an hour . Thehead nurse needs to read the patients histories ,know the planfor their treatment and its results the patients progress andprognosis ,their nursing care and its effectiveness . She shouldpost the time for rounds at least a week in advance and indicatethe type of preparation the nurse is to make ,that in whether sheis to know thoroughly the history care and progress of her ownpatients or picturely that of all patients in the ward . The central figure in nursing round is the patient .If thepurpose of the sound is instructional or problem solving thepatient will be included in the discussion. Method of Conducting Nursing RoundsA brief conference at the side of the patients room/word has to beheld. Necessary information are given. The purpose of the visit to thepatient is by the head nurse, extra observation to be madeor pointed out at this time. 4 to 5 patients are selected forinstruction. 4-5 minutes are apent. The head nurse herself whitethornpresent the uses or she may ask the students who are assigned tothese patients to answer the questions of the group or herquestions.The students are asked to present the solecisms regarding otherparticulars. The participants may also be involved such ascounting pulse, respiration, examining the conjunctive, pitting,edema etc. The patients case sheet can also be utilized withpresentation. Thank the patient before exit and tidy up thebed. Post ConferenceThe presentation is summarized and further explanation if any, may be given, quest ions are invited from the students. 5. NURSING ASSIGNMENTAssignment in the clinical field is the nursing education cumservice. DefinitionIt is the past of development experience where the students areassigned with patients or other activities concerning to patientsin clinical laboratory. ? Objectives1. To provide the patient with the best possible nursing care. 2. To plan assignments which are interesting to n beheld. Necessary data are given. The purpose of the visit to thepatient is by the head nurse, special observation to be madeor pointed out at this time. 4 to 5 patients are selected forinstruction. 4-5 minutes are apent.The head nurse herself maypresent the uses or she may ask the students who are assigned tothese patients to answer the questions of the group or herquestions. The students are asked to present the cases regarding otherparticulars. The participants may also be involved such ascounting pulse, respiration, examining the conjunctive, pitting,edema etc. The patien ts case sheet can also be utilized withpresentation. Thank the patient before leaving and tidy up thebed. Post ConferenceThe presentation is summarized and further explanation if any, may be given, questions are invited from the students. . NURSING ASSIGNMENTAssignment in the clinical field is the nursing education cumservice. ? DefinitionIt is the past of learning experience where the students areassigned with patients or other activities concerning to patientsin clinical laboratory. ? Objectives1. To provide the patient with the best possible nursing care. 2. To plan assignments which are interesting to nurses andstimulating to their professional growth. 3. To provide a well rounded educational experience forstudent nurses. 4. Achieving good ward management. Methods of Assignment1. The patient method2. The usable method3. The squad method1. Patient methodIn this method of assignment a nurse is expected togive complete nursing care to one or more patients includinggeneral nursing measures, treatment, medications, takingtemperature, pulse, respiration, serving nourishments and givinghealth instructions. If she goes on off duty her group of patientsin taken over by another nurse for the period of her absence inorder that the patient may still receive individualized care. 2.The Functional methodIn the nurses are assigned to specific functions in the wardsuch as giving medications or treatment to all patients, takingthe temperature of all or giving general nursing care to a groupof individuals. Most hospitals which use the patient methodmodify it to some period of the day such as evenings andnights when a few nurses are on duly. 4. Team method of assignment Nursing care is given to the patients with team conferenceby all the members of the team. Nursing leader supervises andguides the team in giving quality nursing care.The principlesrelative to making assignments within the team will include. 1 . In planning the patient care a well qualified team members arein volved in which amount and type of responsibility, a studentcan assume depends upon a stage of her education. 2. All the physical needs and treatment are given by the samenurse but the specific treatment is given by professional nurse. 3. When two persons are needed to give a patient veritable care itis often well for the team leader to be one of the two.Whenassisting a team member, the leader has an opportunity toobserve the condition of the patient, work of student and attend to andrelationship with the patient and at the same time he can teachthem. Criteria for effective Assignmenti. Students are to be informed of the objectives of theirassignment to a particular ward/unit of the area/hospital forclinical experience. ii. Students are to be oriented to new clinical area. iii. Students are to be given the learning experiences which areoutlined in the objectives for particular clinical experiences. v. Students are to given facilities to practice nursing accordingto principles taug ht. v. Only recognized wards of the hospital or community are tobe selected for students to achieve required learningexperience. vi. Assignments have to be assigned according to the consistentlevel of learning that students have reached or attained. vii. Proper guidance and supervisor has to be provided to thestudent during their clinical experience. viii. Sufficient time to be provided to carryourses andstimulating to their professional growth.

Need for Power Essay

The select for power is near one part of McClellands acquired necessarily theory. The other(a) Parts of the Theory argon Need for Achievement and Need for Affiliation. I would like to stay and write about part The need for Power.We deal set out little theory about this topic (The need for Power) in book organizational Behavior on page 101. There is A third study individual need is the need for power the desire to control ones environment, including financial, material, informational, and human resources. People vary greatly along this dimension. Some individuals strike down much time and energy gullking power, other avoid power if at all possible. People with a high need for power asshole be successful managers if three conditions are met. First, they must seek power for the betterment of the organization rather than for their own interest. Second, they must have a fairly low need for affiliation because fulfilling a personal need for power may well alienate others in th e workplace. Third, they need plenty of self-control to chink their desire for power when it threatens to interfere with effective organizational or interpersonal kind.Resources for this theory David McClelland and David H. Burnham, Power Is the Great motivator, Harward business Review, March-April 1976, pp. 100-110. Pinder, Work Motivation in Organizational Behavior, McClelland and Burnham, Power Is the Great Motivator.We can identified four stages within the power orientation1) Drawing inner strength from others being a loyal associate and serving the power of other people 2) Strengthening oneself beginning to play the power game, collecting symbols of status, one-upmanship, trying to dominate situations 3) Self-assertiveness becoming more competitive and trying to manipulate situations so as to use other people to achieve ones own targets 4) Acting as an instrument of higher(prenominal) authority identifying with some organization or authority system and employing the met hods learnt in stages 2 and 3 but now being able to claim perfunctory legitimacy.Blake and Mouton (1964) would feature the kind of person who maximizes this kind of approach as having the Authority Obedience style of management concentrating on maximizing production with the exercise of personal authority and power.Individuals with a high need for power exhibit a number of characteristics. These individuals run to be more argumentative. We can see in real life that they are often elected to political offices (member of government etc.). These individuals are also more assertive when a part of in-group discussions. They are known for displaying risk-taking behavior and they also tend to own more prestigious possessions such as expensive cars and credit cards. I think that this people tend to be and want to be on public display.In examing the motive scores of over 50 managers of both high and low morale units in all sections of the same large company, we found that most of the man agers over 70% were high in power motivation compared with men in general. This finding confirms the detail that power motivation is important for management. (Remember that as we use the term power motivation, it refers non to dictatorial behavior, but to a desire to have impact, to be strong and influential). The better managers, as judged by the morale of those working for them, tended to score even higher in power motivation. But the most important determing gene of high morale turned out not to be how their power motivation compared to their need to achieve but whether it was higher than their need to be liked. This relationship existed for 80% of the sales managers as compared with only 10% of the despicableer managers. And the same held true for other managers in nearly all parts of the company.In the research, product development, and operations divisions, 73% of the better managers had a stronger need for power than a need to be liked (or what we term affiliation moti ve) as compared with only 22% of the poorer managers. Why should this be so? Sociologists have long argued that, for a bureaucracy to function effectively, those who manage it must be universalistic in applying rules. That is, if they make exceptions for the special needs of individuals, the whole system will break down.The manager with a high need for being liked is precisely the one who wants to stay on good terms with e actuallybody, and, therefore, is the one most likely to make exceptions in terms of particular needs. If an employee asks for time off to stay home with a upchuck spouse to help look after the kids, the affiliative manager, feeling sorry for the person, agrees almost without thinking. (I am personally this kind of manager. I have a high need for being liked. I think that if people have a confidence in the manager he can do more things also not so popular and the people will accept them and also him.)When President Ford remarked in pardoning ex-President Nixon that he had suffered enough, he was empathizing primarily with Nixons needs and feeling. Sociological theory and our data both argue, however, that the person whose need for affiliation is high does not make a good manager. This kind of person creates poor morale because he or she does not understand that other people in the office will tend to regard exceptions to the rules as unfairto themselves, just as many U.S. citizens felt it was unfair to let Richard Nixon off and punish others less involved than he was in the Watergate scandal.Advantages / disadvantages There are both overconfident and negative aspects in regards to the need for power. Being argumentative can be perceived as an ideal expression of ones opinion although it can also create threatening environments for those of a more compliant nature. Having an assertive manner in group discussions can make others feel as though one is dominating a discussion within the group. However, this individual may have a profound imp act on the groups jump on by assisting in accomplishing tasks more efficiently. Participating in risk-taking behavior can allow an individual to experience more radical events in their life, but sometimes risk-taking behavior can lead to undesirable consequences. Owning luxurious items tends to be costly, even though these possessions may make one feel good about themselves and their lives.My resultThe need for power is good if it is useful for organization and also if the manager can use some kind of humanity to the other. For manager figure is very important the confidence. The people (other) must confidence in him and then they will better in accept his conclusion.

American Airlines and US Airway’s Merger Essay

AbstractAmerican Airlines has suffered tremendous profit losings over the last few days. The losses have been so great that the company filed Chapter 11 bankruptcy. The news for the Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection was a shock to many, considering the fact that they had enough money to operate and cover their losses through the following year. The spinal fusion indeed was great decision on behalf of American Airlines. The merger itself was questionable. The Department of referee filed a lawsuit against regarding concerns that it could raise prices for consumers. A settlement was reached and the arena largest airline has been formed.American Airlines has been suffering for many years. The company has suffered more losses than profits. Jobs have been cut benefits have been scaled back, and the pilots of American Airlines argon paid a lot lower salaries than their competitors. Many of them have been furloughed. All of these and many other factors have contributed to American decidi ng to create the world largest airlines with US Airways. In this essay I entrust discuss the circumstances that resulted in the merger, assess the significant positive (or ostracize) effects of the merger, and examine the organizational structure that has resulted from the merger. American Airlines filed for bankruptcy in November 2011. According to an interview with Richard Quest of CNN, Thomas Horton the new CEO of American Airlines stated that the company was forced into bankruptcy because of the cost disadvantages it go about compared to its competitors that had already gone through a bankruptcy. The news came as a shock to many. The company had enough moneyto sustain the losses that it whitethorn incur through the next year.Although the company had the money to operate, the company still decided to go through with filing for bankruptcy (Isidore & Ellis, 2011). At one sentence American was the world largest carrier, it had dropped to third in the recent years. The company ha s reported only one quarter where a profit was made since 2007, and lost 4.8 jillion over those three and a half years. The company was projected to continue to suffer losses. Now that the merger has been approved, American pass on be able to sting themselves out of their Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection (Isidore & Ellis, 2011). Now that the merger is complete, the new American Airlines has ordered over 600 new aircrafts that are updated and more modern. The new aircrafts will bothow them to compete with their competitors. In the past they have lost a great deal of money from their business class travelers due to their lack of the creature comforts that their competitors carry on their aircrafts (American, US Airways reach merger deal., 2013). The two joining airlines will offer over 6,700 daily flights to 336 destinations in 56 countries.The merger will not distress any of the hubs presently served by American Airlines and US Airways. American Airlines has been in bankruptcy f or a little over a year, and the merger will be effected pursuant to a plan of reorganization under Chapter 11. The combination of American and US Airways brings together two highly complementary color networks with access to the best destinations well-nigh the globe and gives us a strong platform to provide our customers the most connected, comfortable travel experience available, Horton said The operative and financial strength of the combined airline is expected to enable continued investment in new products and technologies and will create exciting new opportunities for our people, correct as we deliver strong cash flow and sustainable profitability. (American, US Airways reach merger deal., 2013). The merger with Us Airways allowed American Airlines to arise out of the Chapter 11 bankruptcy in December. Being able to do so was the first time that a major airline has been able to satisfy a bankruptcy with a return on equity for its shareholders. By deciding to partner with a smaller, but stable US Airways, the company was able to raise the take account of the combine stock. Pursuant to the plan of reorganization, so-called double-dip, single-dip, and intercompany claims were settled through a delivery process which distributed the proceeds of America Airlines estate based on the trading price of the new companys common shares.This quick fix solution lessens the opportunity of appraisal disputes by guaranteeing creditors got a current market value. When it was all said and done, American Airlines creditors, including its unsecured creditors were given payment in full. For the first time in a major airline reformation, shareholders were able to accept a return on their equity. The approved stock exchange merger left American Airlines shareholders with 72% of the new company and the US Airway investors with the lingering 28%.US Airways decided to do what most company who are going through a merger wouldnt. They negotiated with American Airlines unions be fore finalizing the merger. This established a foundation of a cooperative negotiating agreement for the new company, so that labor disagreements would not disrupt or lengthen the merger development. Following numerous noteworthy airline merges it was predictable that the formation of one of the worlds largest carriers would raise some anti-trust hurdles. The first curtailed from the US government. The airline seized a proactive tactic, agreeing to surrender some of it apertures at airports around the US, leading to court approval of the merger (Thomas, 2014).Although the two companies have merged and are legally one entity, they have both agreed to operate apiece until they can integrate both systems successfully. As with any merger, both sides will suffer losses of their employees. Majority of the top leadership positions will be held by US Airways top executives in the new American Airlines. US Airways CEO Doug Parker will head the merged carrier. Of the top eight executive posi tions, five of those positions come from the US Airways side. American CEO Tom Horton will be the chairman of the gore, and will continue on through until the first meeting of the new board next year. Parker will keep the executives that he is more familiar with. The new leadership team includes US Airways President Scott Kirby and others who have worked alongside Parker for several years (American and US Airways name merged airline leadership, 2013). American Airlines has suffered tremendously over the last few years.Us Airway which is a smaller company, was in a better position financially than American. Although Us Airway was more stable, they didnt have access to many of the locations that American Airlines did. The merger was a great topic for both. American was able to get out of their Chapter 11 bankruptcy protection earlier than anticipated. They have switched over from the StarAlliance and move to One world global alliance. The new company now has over a 100,000 employees worldwide. Nothing but positive results seems to be coming from the merger of the two. In the beginning, the merger was questionable, and the Justice Department along with six other states filed a lawsuit against the company. The reason for the lawsuit is that they were in fear of the creation of the world largest airline raising prices on travelers. The slight raise in ticket sales, fees for flight changes, check bags, would be detrimental to consumers.American Airlines and US Airways were able to settle the suit and bring everyone to ease. In summary, the merger has run smoothly thus so far and according to plan. Currently both companies are operating individually although they are legally identify as one entity. The companies are working to collaborate their systems together as well. At the point in time, they are honoring each others flier miles and plan. Some of them have been eliminated to coincide with the polices of the company. American Airlines decided to merge with Us Ai rways to regain its place as the world largest airline. The reason for the merger has been negative on Americans side, but will benefit their company in the long run. In my essay, I have attempted to explain In the circumstances that resulted in the merger, assess the significant positive (or negative) effects of the merger, and examine the organizational structure that has resulted from the merger.

Eve Teasing in Pakistan

Report Title The Condition of Eve Teasing in the Liberty Market and the DHA Commercial Areas of Lahore credit line Title BBA English Submitted To Submitted By Date of submission November 27, 2010 Executive summary Introduction Eve pestering is basically the fleck of harassing a woman publicly, going a room vulgar remarks and essentially making her feel uncomfortable to stroll freely in a public place. Background Eve irritable dates far rearward to the time when the world started being liberal and eventideningr since women got their rights back in the early 90s and generally became open in terms of them working(a) and being an active member of the society.Purpose To highlight the alarming condition of eve ribbing in the main commercial argonas of Lahore, namely the gulberg Liberty market and the H and Y block markets of DHA. To shed light on the main issues pertaining from the act of eve teasing. Method Through a questionnaire circulated amongst the people and interviewing the shop owners and administration of the said(prenominal) areas. Conclusion We concluded that women of the age group (18-25 years), were majorly teased on public channelizes, and usually by men in groups rather than a single male.And withal that there are no real measures taken as yet to end this menace or to deal with the defaulters. Recommendations To spread awareness that eve teasing is an actual issue in our society. This would really help in targeting the issue at the root so that the upcoming generations piece of ass be groomed accordingly.1. Introduction1. 1 Background Since this is an Islamic country, sexual Harassment is not a topic that can be discussed openly. Hence the term eve-teasing came into being. It is used widely in major Asian countries too of which Pakistan is seriously affected by this business.Eve-teasing is basically the act of harassing women in public which is usually done by groups of young men in public places, primary hang erupt spots, bus stops, in actual busses/trains, in workplaces and basically anywhere a girlfriend has the liberty to walk around freely. This act started ever since women became liberal and started being an active member of the society by working jobs, getting an education etc. Many men feel endanger by this, and feel that eve-teasing is the easiest way to put a woman in her place.Some do it because of this very reason, somewhat do it to satisfy their inner urges and some vertical plainly do it as a recreational activity. Movies and TV often present eve teasing or stalking as mode of convert the beautiful tender females to accept love proposals, and we dont really have a scarcity of hopeless romantics. Women are often criticized for inviting molesters by their seductive way of dressing and advert-up. This might be right in some cases and wrong in many. Its true that they dress openly at times only when this is the 21st century and all of us should be open minded but sadly that is not at all the case .The teasing can be verbal teasing i. e passing indecent remarks ab divulge the target victims or non verbal teasing which includes winks, hand gestures and staring/leering at the victims. It can also be a form of physical teasing such as cornering the victim, blocking their path, ping or groping the victim. It is common sight in a public recreational area where u see a single girl or a group of girls waiting for their cars or having a casual discussion, and suddenly a car stops beside them offering them a ride, teasing them and passing crude remarks.The girls are left helpless and humiliated and in no position to do anything about it.1. 2 PurposeTo study the existence of eve teasing in major commercial areas of our societyTo find out variant kinds of eve teasing acts that the victims have to go throughTo determine the attitude of the youth (18-25 years) towards eve teasingTo study the impact of eve teasing on the victimsTo find out the precautions and live up tos taken by the vic tims Our areas of study are the Liberty market in gulberg and the main commercial markets of H, Y and W blocks of DHA (defence housing authority).Questionnaires were distributed amongst students of FAST University who were residents of the respective(prenominal) areas so as to get a good insight on the matter. The people questioned were mainly residents of the areas mentioned. Shop owners in the respective areas were interviewed about the condition of eve-teasing in their area. The authorities were questioned about the measures they have taken to prevent eve teasing from becoming a norm.2. Findings Through our study, we examined the different modes of eve teasing.We found a lot of relevant information while conducting the survey. It was conducted in FAST-NU through a structured survey of 20 questions and was taken from 25 male and 25 female respondents who were residents or obsess visitors of the respective areas the age group was 18-25 years. pic2. 1 gravel you ever approach eve teasing? The following question was asked by us and we found that out of those 25 girls, 21 replied Yes to our question and only 4 said No. This made it apparent that almost either girl now a sidereal day is becoming a victim of eve teasing. pic2. 2 Places where eve teasing is higher Our research shows that the girls are mainly teased almost at every public place but the eve teasing rate is the highest i. e. 70% at the market areas as compared to road sides, parks, outside institutions and public transports.2. 3 Kinds of eve teasing Women faced different kinds of eve teasing mostly through a bunch of guys who find it fun to harass women. Thus 68% of women are affected through the most common verbal eve teasing which includes whistling, passing vulgar comments etc. Others go through physical, visual and often twain or at extreme cases, all kinds of teasing.2. 4 Do victims call for help? This act of harassment affects the self esteem of girls. They, the victim of eve teasing mostl y do not call for help, and if they do, they dont get it because 66% people never helped any one as they cogitate its not their business. Even the female respondents who had gone through eve teasing did not help others facing the same caper. Furthermore, only 24% female respondents took some action against it.2. 5 Cause of side effects of eve teasing disorder 50% of the respondents called the movie scenes as the biggest cause of the side effects of eve teasing. 6% people were also seen in favor of internet influence playing a big role in producing eve teasers and 38% accuse parents grooming for such a thing.2. 6 Should Govt. Pass laws against eve teasing? Almost 34% people demanded for laws against eve teasing while only a small percentage answered no.This suggests that the Government should strictly pass orders against eve teasing. Conclusion We concluded the following from the survey conducted which includes the personal interviews and the questionnaire.Eve-teasing is indeed a menace for visitors of the respective areas. The victims were usually teased by college boys in groups rather than a single male.Eve-teasing on public transports especially buses has made it the least preferred means of transport by women.Women do feel helpless in the heat of the situation but are not afraid to later on file a complaintWomen prefer to roam the high risk areas in groups and say that they feel secure in doing soThe more posh areas such as the DHA markets have controlled this problem by having special forces designated to patrol the areas in search of such situationsRecommendationsThe fact that eve teasing is a definite form of sexual harassment should be made public. A womens force should be deployed at the commercial areas and public transport stands so men do not dare movement such an act, and even if they do someone is there to provide hands on assistance to the victims. Laws should be made to deal with the offenders. An effective law for this problem will be diff icult to impose until and unless the mentality of our men-folk is changed about women. The medias help should be sought to spread awareness about the issue and maybe just maybe change the mentality.Appendix Survey Questionnaire Please fill the following information about yourself Age Gender M/F Eve teasing is a euphemism used in Pakistan for molestation of women by men. Consider a problem related to law breaking in youth that ranges from sexually revelatory remarks groping, making lewd gestures, staring, whistling, touching, verbal blasting, stalking ,phone calls or even physical attacks. pic1. How do you usually commute? (Tick all applicable)a) Bus stoppageb) Auto Rickshawc) By mobiled) Care) Others(please specify)______________2. occupy you ever been teased by men at public places? (if NO, please move to question no. 9)a) Yesb) No3. What kind of eve teasing have you faced? (Tick all applicable)a) Verbal (comments, whistling, etc. )b) Physical (touching, feeling up, etc. )c) Vi sual (staring, gesticulating, etc. )d) Others (please specify) ___________________4. In your experience, eve teasing is done bya) Individualb) Groupc) Both5. How does eve teasing make you feel? (Tick all applicable)a) Feel Humiliatedb) Feel scaredc) Feel angryd) Feel degradede) It does not affect me at allf) I enjoy itg) Others(please specify) ______________________6. Have you ever reacted /take action when someone has teased you?a) Yesb) No7. If yes, how? (Tick all applicable)a) Retaliated verballyb) Retaliated physically. If yes, what did you do? ______________________c) Walked away and ignoredd) Asked others for helpe) Called the policef) Others (please specify) ______________________8. What type of help did you get from others when you were being teased? (Tick all applicable)a) Called the policeb) Got support from people aroundc) No Helpd) Others (please specify)9. Have you ever helped anyone being teased?a) Yes, specify how?b) No, why not?10. Is eve teasing a sort of flirting?a ) Yesb) Noc) whitethornbe11. Do you think the way girl dress-up is a reason behind eve teasing?a) Yesb) Noc) May be12. Do you think conservatively dressed women havent gone through eve teasing?a) Yesb) Noc) May be13. Should girls be banned from all public places where they may encounter eve teasers?a) Yesb) Noc) May be14. Which one is the cause of the side effects of neurotic eve teasing disorder? Tick all applicable)a) Movie scenesb) Bad parentingc) Internet influenced) Others (please specify)15. Is eve teasing an innate part of our social culture?a) Yesb) Noc) May be16. Where is the eve teasing higher? (Tick all applicable)a) Outside institutional areab) Parksc) Road sidesd) Marketse) Public transport17. Should the government pass laws against eve teasing?a) Yesb) Noc) May be18. Do you think that maximum no. of eve teaser are students?a) Yesb) Noc) May be19. Many women often take precautionary measures to ensure their asylum.Please tick the precautions you take/ your family asks you to take for your safety as a woman. (Tick all applicable)a) Avoid certain public places. Specify which kind of places _____________________b) Avoid going out alonec) Avoid wearing certain clothes, which may seem provocatived) Carry items such as pepper spray/ safety pins/ pen knife etc.e) I do not take any precautions as I feel safe in the cityf) None of the aboveg) Others (please specify) _______________________20. Would you like to give a suggestion about how to STOP eve teasing? Data acquired.

Young People Need to Spend Less Money and Save More

Young People Need To Spend Less silver And Save More Human beings have different thoughts near their life. Some of them believe in enjoying life without considering anything, but some others believe in redeeming(a) capital for their future. But it is better for young people like me to save their money instead of dangleing it carelessly. Because young people have lots of expenses in the future, like education, unpredictable emergencies, besides that the parentage market is not steady. So it is better for youngers to save more and spend less.One of the causalitys that make youngers to save money and spend less is education expenses. Education is expensive so young people like me cannot totally depend on our parents to pay all the bills. We have tuition, books, possibly rent and other educational expenses to pay for. Even though our parents help us, but we have to pay part of it. So we should save some of our money for that. The other reason that parsimony money in youngers is better than spending it carelessly is emergency situations.Emergencies could occur any moment. For example one of our family member whitethorn need help and we will have to give them money, or one of our parents might have an unexpected injury or serious illness and they could not go to work for some time so we must have some savings for that emergency moments in our life. Besides that there is other reason for younger people to save more and spend less and it is the oscillation of the job market. The job market is not steady, specially these days.Due to oscillation in the job market we cannot predict what will happen next. For example one of my friend lost her job due to recession. She did not get a job for about one year and a half, but she had savings so she was able to overcome that bad situation, like paying rent, grocery, car loan and other bills. Without an income it is difficult to pay for these. It shows that if she did not have the habit of saving money, then she could no t have managed hat situation. In the conclusion I must say that saving is a very good tendency for young people and it will never let a person down. You must plan a head. Youngers should sock they will have expenses for their schooling, they also should know that they might be confront with an unexpected emergencies in life, besides that they know the oscillation of the job market so they must be prepared. They need to save money for these events.

Advertising to children Essay

Over the sound few decades advertising has altered the lives of umpteen and in particular children. Children are susceptible to what they see and are more prone to act on a whim. This research paper will go bad advertising which is aimed at children and will test the following dissertation statement Thesis Advertising misleads children in purchasing goods which they do not need. When you think active this, it whitethorn not seem that true. You could argue that you dont know anyone whose fashion or style is influenced by Hollywoods stars. But, you know youve seen mickle wearing Sean John or JLo brand clothing.Celebrities also influence fashion much more generally. Most fashion trends were either started or influenced by the bear-sized stars, says Ramon. Anformer(a) key component of child intended marketing is the music industry. Stephen Kiehl of the Baltimore Sun says, You could be forgiven for confusing the Number 1 song in the U. S. last week with a commercial. The journal ist also mentions that some musical artists are even paid to crusade specific products in their songs. A recent event of this is Petey Pablos song Freak-a-Leak in which the lyrics include, Now I got to give a shout out to Seagrams gin.Cause Im drinkin it and they payin me for it. According to the San Francisco marketing company, Agenda Inc. , 59 brands have been mentioned 645 times in the songs that have made it into the top 20 this year. Another large reservoir of advertising aimed at children is particularly enough, school. Looking right which really means fitting in, is very important for young teenagers, says LaRue- Robinson, a middle school guidance counselor in Forestville, Md. With students caring about how their peers are dressed, moms are beginning to worry Its gotten really bad now withTiny Teddies and Cheezels give a balance fast to children (Houlihan, 2005). On the other hand, some advertisements using prize to deceive children to buy their products. The video (Buy me that, too 1992) explained how the television advertising unreal children. From the Cereal Giveaways advertising, children can secure a complete set of baseball cards easily (Buy me that, too 1992. But the presenter said 73 boxes to get a good destiny only, this result in expenditure increasing for parents (Buy me that, too 1992).Therefore, television advertising directed at children is not fair, people can not allow deceptive advertising continue to misleading children, it should be forbid. Some people argue that if government do not allowed shapers to promote their products on children television, this will lead to demean of the childrens product industry. This point of view is biased. Word-of-mouth is influencing children buying power. Harry Potter novel now is popular around the world, scarce the success is not from television advertising, the books themselves became successful are because of word-of-mouth between children (Blades, Gunter & Oates cited in Proctor &Richa rds, 2002).Without television advertising, childrens product has been successful in society, Harry Potter gives manufacturers an mannikin that how to achieve success without to promote on children television. Moreover, television advertising is not only method for manufacturers to promote their products. According to the Australia Film Commission report (AFC, 2005), it is estimated the measure advertising expenditure with Commercial Economic Advisory Service of Australia (CEASA). Television advertising is not the most important channel for manufacturers in Australia, newspapers is the first weft for manufacturers to promote their products.Also, from the study, manufacturers like to choose radio, magazines and other channels to promote their products (AFC, 2005). Furthermore, 78% of children and adolescents who use the internet do so at home (National Center for command Statistics, 2003). Internet has become an efficiency way for manufacturers to promote their goods. From the wor d-of-mouth advertising and study from AFC, people can find the answer easily that forbid the manufacturers to advertise on television will not destroy the childrens product industry. To escape advertising is nearly impossible brand word of honor are everywhere. even off in outer space you cant escape it.In 1993 Schwarzeneggers underrated and misunderstood classic, (my opinion, Ill admit it ) Last Action Hero had its logo painted on a satellite for a large fee, and will circle our planet for the next few thousand years. The soldiers fighting in Iraq, even as I write this, are carrying advertisements the M-16A2 has a Colt logo stamped into its side, a reminder of who makes that quality weapon. Even in the remotest regions of our world artifacts with recognizable logos are found thanks to care packages. (The Gods Must be Crazy is a wonderful movie on this subject. ) Why do we tolerate such(prenominal) invasions to our lives?Largely because these sorts of advertisements slip under our radar, but also for identification purposes if you came to my house and saw my entertainment centre, you might know what the DVD player, stereo and the television are, but if you are not familiar with gaming systems, you would have trouble distinguishing the X-Box from the Playstation 2 or the Gamecube. So that type of brand labelling does serve a purpose other than advertising in some cases. There are exceptions to the rule of slapping a logo on everything that we purchase, and a clear boundary that corporations will not master furniture.A simple scan of the room Im in shows that that my furniture has nothing denoting where it came from, although I do know that the mattress does have a manufacturers tag on it, my sheets cover it. Out of sight, out of mind. Advertising is becoming more and more a part of our society. The film Minority traverse features a scene where advertising is everywhere, and customized to the person. This could be construed as an invasion of privacy, as ever y purchase of the individual is scrutinized and advertising is personally tailored to that person. This type of entropy gathering is already being tested in seemingly innocent places.Search for a book on amazon.com and you will get recommendations for other products that you may also be interested in based on your search. (Houlihan, 2005, pg76) Advertisers are also starting to work under our radar. On the Internet, advertisers used to use introduce cookies to find out the places you went, what you purchased online and other information. Soon the pop up ad appeared to annoy just about everyone who saw them. Pop ups were preceded by E-junk mail, dubbed Spam. The problem has travel on to what have been dubbed Spybots programs that integrate into your browser program and report back the web activity to its source. Gator is the most infamous of these.The answer to the thesis statement based on this research paper is yes. To sum up, it is clearly shows that public should outlaw all adve rtisements that target innocent children. As this is good for childrens health and controls the increasing childhood obesity, and also is of great benefit to the relationship between children and parents. Parents are no longer afraid that children are influenced by icteric content of advertisements. Nowadays, more and more countries, like many European Union countries, implement a ban on childrens advertising.Children are a commonwealths future, protecting their wellbeing and healthy life is the most important responsibility not only for their parents but also for the whole society.ReferencesDerived from esbco host The university of Winnipeg http//libproxy. uwinnipeg. ca/login? URL=http//search. ebscohost. com/login. asp? profile=web CNN. com Health America Australia Film Commission, 2005, what Australians are watching, Online, Available http//www. afc. gov. au/gtp/wftvisadrevenue. html November 24, 2008 Baker, F. 2004, TV-Toy Ad analysis Worksheet, Online, Availablehttp//mediali t. med. sc. edu/toyadanalysisworksheet. htm November, 24, 2005

Family Violence Essay

While it is problematic to create a concrete definition of family abandon or blame anyone involved in it, no one will disagree with the fact that it fucking be disastrous for all in all members of any family. The built-in complexity of such situations makes it difficult to blame any single person of the family or to underpin a particular gender as the sole guilty behind such occurrence. Therefore this study concisely explores why this issue looks so complicated and whether such complication would help to solve the situation.According to Levesque et al. (2001), family violence involves family members acts of omission or commission that result in physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect, or early(a) forms of maltreatment, which last hampers healthy development of public. The above definition fairly indicates that there are many faces of family violence and it can be difficult for an outsider to identify if there is any violence ongoing in a family.However, American honorary soc iety of Family Physicians (2009), explains family violence as the intentional intimidation or abuse of children, adults or elders by a family member, intimate partner or caretaker to gain power and control over the victim.While the world-class definition mostly emphasizes on action, the second one stresses on intention. This adds to the complexity by highlighting the fact that family violence can take place even without the knowledge of most of the members in a family (Lau et al., 1999).For example, a father may find spanking as an effective tool to intimidate his daughter, and may on purpose does that off and on, which may non be considered as violence by her mother or other members of that family and thusly such practice might continue to ruin the victims future. This is very overmuch possible, since many acts are considered as socially accepted violence, such as spanking, and which are not considered as abusive violence, which according to the re researchers an act which has a high potential for injuring the person being send off (Straus et al, 1980, pp. 21-22).The above state of affairs shows that there is much ambiguity in pinpointing family violence which in enlistment points at the fact that how difficult it could be to redress it or to eliminate its occurrence.This signifies the importance of spreading cognisance about the damaging potential of family violence and promoting the adoption of behavioral processes that can effectively eliminate such occurrences in a family. For example, encouraging parents to abstain from using corporal punishment to their children could be a office to lessen the instances of child abuse because the intention behind corporal punishment, i.e., to cause pain but not injury for purposes of coercion and control (Strauss et al., 1980) may be lost with raised temper and loss of control.In all, any injury has the potential to leave a scar on human mind and thus can considerably influence the actions of the victims, whic h may create further problems to the society. It is from this angle, the hidden niches of family violence need to be identified and redressed, and from that perspective, humans have to go through complex discussions and debates in way of finding its solution.It is not that family violence is a new phenomenon of the society, since instances of it are spread all over in the literature of all times, and earning several sobriquets in different periods, like battered child syndrome (Kempe et al., 1962), granny bashing (Burston, 1975) or battered charwoman (Walker, 1979).Therefore, it is the pressing lifestyle of newfangled times have given it some more dimensions and accordingly, the educated minds of modern times are trying to deeply investigate its root as well as its inalienable effects on human mind. Consequently, the perception about family violence is also gradually changing, where the earlier fantasy of focusing on the violence on women, children as the potential victims is ma king way to a newer idea that includes all humans and considers any act detrimental to human development as family violence (Pleck, 1987). endingThe apparent complexity in defining or determining family is actually an outcome of the honest search of the researchers that has brought forth many hidden niches of family violence. This is the right process, because the more the mechanism of family becomes clear before all, the more humans will be able to eradicate it and move towards a prosperous and happy future.ReferencesAmerican Academy of Family Physicians. (2009). Family and intimate partner violence and abuse. Retrieved July 19, 2009, from http//www.aafp.org/online/en/home/policy/policies/f/familyandintimatepartner- violenceandabuse.htmlBurston, G. R. (1975). Granny battering. British medical checkup Journal, 3, 592.Kemple, C. H., Silverman, F. N., Steele, B. F., Droegemullar, W., and Silver, Hl. K. (1962). The battered-child syndrome. Journal of the American Medical Associati on, 181, 105-112.Lau, J. T. F., Liu, J. L. Y., Tong, C. K., and Tan, P. M. E. H. (1999). Conceptualizations, reporting and under-reporting of child abuse in Hong Kong. Child Abuse & Neglect, 23, 1159-1174Lavesque, D. A., Velicer, W.F., Castle, P. H., and Greene, R. N. (2008). vehemence against women. Vol. 14, No. 2, pp. 158-164.Pleck, E. (1987). Domestic tyranny The making of social policy against family violence from colonical times to the present. New York Oxford University Press.Straus, M. A., Gelles, R.J., and Steinmetz, S.K. (1980). quarter closed doors Violence in American families. Doubleday, NewYork.Walker, L. E. (1979). The battered woman. New York Harer Colophon Books.

Is Faustus a Tragic Hero Essay

Much of the information in Dr Faustus is derived from a collection of semi-fictitious German stories (the Faustbuch) in which the life of German scholar and purported necromancer, Georgius Faust ar narrated. Where the Faustbuch narrates a simple tale of sin and retri besidesion, Marlowe creates a disaster in which a military man being makes a clear choice for good or bad, with almost knowledge of the possible outcome. In order to do this, Marlowe has drawn on the conventions of important Greek tragedy, some(prenominal) of which dictate the nature of the hero or heroine.In ancient times, a hero achieved heroic placement not because of saintliness or wickedness, but because of the acts he performed in life. The hero should have a socially high status and suffer a reversal of fortune in which he experiences great suffering. This is all for sure dependable of Faustus, who is highly regarded as both a lecturer at the University of Wittenberg, and an accomplished scholar. During his life, he performs bizarre feats, which were unlike anything experienced by lesser mortals.Even by modern standards, the notion of necromancy is unreassuring for a contemporary Elizabethan audience, for whom religion permeated all aspects of life, it would have been inconceivably horrific. Once Faustus is glutted with disciplines golden gifts and surfeited upon cursed necromancy he uses his powers to embark upon amazing adventures (for example learning the secrets of uranology upon the summit of mount Olympus) which, again, are befitting of the tragic hero. Faustus reversal of fortune is also typically tragic.During the lowest scene of the play, in which we witness Faustus final hour before being taken off to hell, he is, like all heroes of classical tragedy, completely isolated. There is a poignant contrast in Faustus degeneration from the successful, revered conjurer of the previous scenes, to the disillusioned scholar we see here. In despair, he tries to conjure and th row condition the earth to gape open but realises that, o no, it will not harbour him. His terror, desperation and disturbed hopes are all conveyed by the final soliloquy, which is both graphic and strong-arm in its nature.The dramatic effect of Faustus death, as his flesh is torn by devils, is at the same time horrendous and moving. His experiences the type of physical anguish reminiscent of the blind Oedipus, and this enactment of the spectacle of pain and death is at the heart of a true up tragedy. In order for the audience to engage with the hero, and emotional state empathy and pathos as a result of his suffering, it is congenital that he is presented with the opportunity to make conscious decisions about his fate, all be they the wrong ones. The plot of Dr Faustus contains some(prenominal) such opportunities.Faustus is given a chance to repent on several occasions before signing the contract with Mephastophilis, he seems to heed the voice of the good angel, and is about to turn to beau ideal again, but denies this as a possibility because God does not love him. However, despite the vain fancies of God and promised land which clearly plague him, Faustus is resolute and clear about what he is committing himself to. Here, we see another trait of the classical tragic hero, hell bent on a course of action which he believes is right, pull d admit perspective he knows it will eventually bring about his downfall.Even at the very end of his 24 years, when the hope of salvation comes along in the form of the old man, Faustus (fearful of the wrath of Lucifer) instructs sweet Mephastophilis to torture his would-be(prenominal) saviour. When Faustus chooses to kiss the image of Helen of Troy, whom he knows is nothing more than a demonic spirit in disguise, we feel that he must realise he has made a fatal choice. By now the tragedy is inevitable of his own free will Faustus has rejected all hope of salvation and the audience waits in trepidation for his imp ending doom.The question of fate versus free will is a key theme in Dr. Faustus, and one which is important when considering Faustus himself as a tragic hero. If, indeed, Faustus has the freedom necessary to change or nobble his predicament then he is truly a tragic hero. The chorus assertion that cut is the growth which might have grown full straight, does seem to support the idea that Faustus was not ordain from the generator, but was given choices and opportunities to repent his wicked ways.Mephastophilis sums this up perfectly when, in response to Faustus desperate, remorseful heraldic bearing thou hast deprived me of the joys of heaven, he reminds Faustus that twas thine own seekingthank thyself. However, when we consider the religious beliefs held by most of Marlowes contemporaries, there appears to be a contradiction in Faustus apparent free will. In Elizabethan times, the ideas of a popular branch of Christianity known as Calvinism (of which Marlowe himself would certai nly have been aware) were widespread.Calvinists held the belief that human beings, as a direct consequence of original sin, have no free will. Also, Christianity has traditionally taught of Gods omnipotence and omniscience- i. e. God knows all and sees all. It follows, therefrom that God has planned our fate and knows it long before we are even born. If this is the case, then doubt must be cast upon the notion of Faustus as a true tragic hero if his fate was already mapped out then all the choices presented to him are rendered arbitrary.When debating with himself at the beginning of the play, Faustus does seem to have some awareness of this, reasoning that we are all inherently sinful and therefore are condemned to die, because the reward of sin is death. Despite the fact that Faustus essentially cheats, twisting quotes from the Bible in order to justify his intended pursuit, one cannot help but feel that he shows insight into the problems raised(a) by fate/free will, concluding t hat what is meant to be shall be (che sara, sara).In conclusion I would word that for the most part, Faustus is the perfect example of the tragic hero. He is an engaging character who holds the audiences attention until the very last, even when we do not find his personality particularly appealing. Indeed, the arrogance and blasphemy apparent in legion(predicate) of Faustus speeches (a greater subject fitteth Faustus wit, Faustus, try thy brains to gain a deity etc) are trace of the classical tragic hero.For example, Faustus pride and arrogance (which the Greeks called hubris) is strikingly similar to that of Aeschylus tragic hero, king Agamemnon. As farther as the issue of free will is concerned, I think that Faustus does have the opportunity to make his own decisions, despite Marlowes paradoxical portrayal of a God whom, whilst able to control our predestination, cannot (when it comes down to it) control or undo the contract which Faustus makes.

Personal Development Paper

I was influenced the way I determine different actions or behavior in a particular situation since I was a child. Growing up with a Baptist mother and four brothers make me value different things and be suffer in a particular way. In addition, this made me a have a particular ethical system that influences the way I work and act as an individual. At the corporation level, moral philosophy is important because they set the rules and policy. In this paper, I go away explain the developmental aspects of my morals as well as my ethical system, the cause of my ethics at my workplace, and importance of ethics in an association to achieve its goals.My ethical system was shaped since I was a child. Growing up with a Baptist mother, definitely influence the way I value my family. In addition, some of my decisions are influenced by this Baptist upbringing. We hard-boiled every atomic number 53 in the neighborhood like relatives, so even if you had angiotensin-converting enzyme parent the neighbors would help the parent pinch you. This was the standard I was use to until bosom school, when I started privationing much freedom. My ethical system in reality started to develop then. The middle school I went to was 97% black 2% Hispanic and 1% white.As kids on the verge of being teens, we would test each other to do things that we knew was wrong just to agnize if we could get away with it. As dumb as it sounds that was the rules. As a kid, you do non think of of what send packing go wrong. Then in high school things, changed hormones overlyk over and everybody fatalityed sex. We k straightaway at that age that should have been that last thing on our minds but it was the first thing we thought roughly from sun up to sun down. My ethics would not allow me to take drugs. I saw for myself the effects of drugs and that was a route I could not take.Joining the Army really set in jewel my ethical system that I would come to live by. We had so many a(prenominal) ru les and regulations that govern us that it merely took one mistake to ruin your life. My underlying ethical system was in jeopardy every day. daintiness people how you wanted to be treated even if they did not. The drill sergeants did not have to treat us like people, so we became a product owned by the US government. I learned honor, duty, respect, unselfish service, leadership, and other things. That is when I discovered that the world was bigger that just me.One time in Afghanistan, one of my soldiers was on detail to help fix roads in country. The location that they were at had not been register for landmines. The people in charge did not know that, so I jumped in a fomite to find her so she would not be injured. By the time I got there, they were already in the middle of the minefield. I should have waited for the recovery unit to get there but I did not want see anyone be killed. First, I made them stop what they were doing and acanthatrack all the way out. No one got hu rt it was the fact that made feel like I did the right thing for my fellow soldiers.This was a case of a duty-based ethical system. Then along came the marriage and the family. This is where my ethical system changed to a relativistic system. Dealing with a wife and kids there is no black and white, but there are many gray areas. You can never be right unless you agree with your wife even if she is wrong. The kids ask questions that you cannot rejoinder so you tell them something made up just to make them better. The potential effects of my ethics on my performance helps me make the right choices at work most of the time.Shipping parts and accompaniments internationally there are a lot regulations you have to follow. Some people try to stratagem the system and one-half way do paperwork thinking we can let them get away with it. Well, if that happens and the item is held up at the docks or on the plane, the company has to pay a fine a big fine now a day. If you are involved in tha t, you can be fired. One time not too long ago we were helping a customer get their parts shipped to out Hardy facility. afterwards 400pm, you cannot ship any big item at that time because of traffic. We told the manger that the item could not ship it will have to go out tomorrow.He stated that the customer wanted the item that day and could not wait. The item went out any way and was damaged because the driver had to take back streets to get to our other facility. The item was so tall that it hit every tree it came in play with which cost the customer $125,000 dollars to fix. The next time they try to ship anything they have to get permission from more than just the customer. They have to get hand written permission from three different sections so they can get the best service that we can give them even if we do not give what they want all the time.Ethics are need in organizations like mine so people will not take advantage of other co-workers and the customers. People in these companies sometimes treat the worker unfairly and will not pay them for their worth. They work long hours and get no compensation. Some companies like ENRON cheat people and cause problems globally because of the different investors that have invested in the company. The individual loses their job, the organization suffers in the domains eye and society see the company as a sham.If an organizations ethics are being held by the employees the company does well and the people know that the organization can be trusted. Most of these organizations have ethics classes and different types of learning programs to help the employees understand the importance of ethics. Conclusion numerous different factors guide a person to have the ethical stand geological period they have in life. everywhere time and as that person grows their ethics change and grows with them. There are no black and whites, goodish and bad, just people for the most part doing what they believe to be right in there poi nt of view.

Is Consumerism needed to make the US economy healthy? Essay

When we define consumerism, we see that it is the protection or promotion of the interest of consumers. In other words it is the preoccupation of society with the acquisition of consuming goods, in time the theory that an increasing consumption is beneficial.The united states face a colossal challenge, an economic affliction of cracking proportions. For decades wehave piled deficit upon deficit, mortgaging our future and our childrens future for the temporary convenience of the present. To continue this long trend is to reassure tremendous social, culture, political, and economic upheavals. The economic ills we suffer have come upon us over several decades.They will not go away in days, week, or months, but they will go away. How does the situation step up today? A 2009 report of the U.S Department of Housing and Urban Development state increasing be of people argon vulnerable to overburdened infrastructure, inadequate housing, and outmoded health system. In incident the Unite d Nations agency UNHABITAT projects that within three decades, one of the three people will live in near total despair lacking sanitation and clean water, exposed to the imminent effects of diseases and achievable pandemics.The U.S economy is still not good unemployment at 7.5%, wages for man who do have jobs are stagnating, but the economy is gradually getting better consumer confidence is at a five category high and new claims for jobless benefits at a five year low in fact in the past six months, employers have added 200,000 jobs a month. Stockmarket indexes are up much than 15% so far this year.

Contrast and Compare Approaches to Hrm Within Two Diverse Countries?

Contrast and comp ar undertakees to HRM at bottom two various countries? Introduction man resource steering (HRM) means the activities of management in the employment relationship (Boxall and Purcell, 2003). The intention of strategic HRM in an system of rules helps function with its various activities like training n development, motivation, recruitment, employee selection, leadership, communication and reach their milest peerlesss. HRM strategy helps an organisation to focus on its micro-strategic issues.It excessively helps to provide a robust and link between its various activities conducted in a HRM de ingredientment (Beardwell, 2004). This essay will cover the importance of understanding HR acts of two diverse countries. The study of comparative HRM is necessary to build a bridge between two different cultures. For pillow slip UK there is high rate of part eon jobs due to a wide range of complaisant and economic reasons. On the some other hand, part time jobs in ot her parts of Europe atomic number 18 comparatively less.To know these difference and to easy cross culture artes comparative HRM is necessary. In the past half(prenominal) century with the rise in globalisation, international homophile resource management (IHRM) has gained popularity. until now the study of international and comparative HRM is regarded as an expensive and time consuming research (Adler, 1984 Brewster et al, 1996 Tregaskis et al, 2003). Hyman, R 1999 says that cross broad blowup has created a need for the deep knowledge of IHRM to avoid complex business issues Models of HRMIn HRM, there is no particularised approach or single way to implement it. HRM is a style of management which open fire be measured and defined or even comp ared against an ideal bewilder. There are two approaches or models of HRM mild Model and unvoiced Model. Hard HRM emphasize the resource aspect of HRM, Legge refers to this as Utilitarian Instrumentalism. The hard HRM model focuses on the critical integration of tender-hearted resource policies, systems and activities with business strategy.The hard HRM model characterizes benevolent resources as factor of production. This means that the human resource is non the only resource capable of go the production into wealth. Human Resources are viewed as passive, to be provided and deployed as numbers and skills at the right price, preferably than the source of creative energy (Legge, 1995, p. 66-67). Hard HRM model requires calculations and deep thinking as required by any other branch of management. Thus it communicates through and through the tough language of business and economics.This emphasis on the quantitative, calculative and business-strategic aspects of managing the headcount has been termed human asset accounting (Storey, 1987). The hard HRM model is closely related to scientific management as it treats human resource which posses some skills/attributes that the firm requires. In phone line to har d HRM model, promiscuous HRM model focuses on human relations rather than treating it as commodity. Soft HRM places an emphasis on human and is associated with the human relations school of Herzberg and McGregor (Storey, 1987).Legge refers to this as Developmental Humanism (Legge, 1995, p. 66-67). The velvety model approach treats employees as valued asset of firm which gives the firm a competitive advantage over others through employees schoolmaster skills, commitments, adaptability and performance. Employees are proactive rather than passive inputs into productive processes, capable of development, worthy of trust and collaboration which is achieved through participation (Legge, 1995, pp 66-67). The soft Model inspires employees resourcefulness by increasing employee commitment, participation and involvement.Walton (1985, p. 79) suggests that a model that assumes low employee commitment and that is designed to produce reliable if not outstanding performance simply cannot gibe the standards of excellence set by world-class competitors and discusses the choice that managers ca-ca between a strategy make on imposing control and a strategy based on eliciting commitment. (Legge, 1995) in her analysis says that use of HRM styles like hard and soft models in an organisation has always been debatable. These models are primarily within normative, or prescriptive, models of human resource management.Soft HRM is associated with the human relations movement, the utilization of individual talents (McGregor, 1960). Soft HRM is as well associated with the goals of flexibility and adaptability and implies that communication plays a central role in management (Storey and Sisson 1993). Hard HRM, on the other hand, stresses on the importance of strategic fit, where human resource policies and practices are closely linked to the strategic objectives of the geological formation (external fit), and are coherent among themselves (internal fit) ( Baird and Meshoulam,1988). In UK, firms generally rely on numerical forms of flexibility than ualitative form. Both of these are supported by soft HRM models and theories of flexible specialisation. Hence UK employment system has failed to adopt best practice of HRM models. Almond, 2001 says in times of short term pressure if there is a lack of institutional lock-in to soft HRM firms resort to management unilateralism. However in Russia employees are treated as human big(p) and are used to generate revenues for the organization. In Russia predominantly hard HRM model approach exists. The employee is like commodity which is found worthy if there is a short supply or plays a central role in play alongs goals.The implementation of the hard Model varies from friendship to company depending on the calculations and quantitative approaches in a rational manner. In Russia the companies have authoritative, hierarchical, bureaucratic type of structure whereas in UK the companies have participative management approa ches, team concepts, and greater employee involvement. The Russian companies center of focus so far have been towards the technical aspects of their business how to efficiently produce a product or provide a service, how to increase revenues and how to stay directionless in the market place.However with the globalization of economies, many of them have started realizing the importance of other aspects of business Human upper-case letter management, organisational structure, compensation, training, motivation and communication. In Russian, organizations perceived HR as a compliance function, existing to pack out forms and enforce rules, rather than a strategic part of organizational performance and success. However in UK the companies look at HR management as a strategic approach to an overall harvest-tide of the company.In this essay, using theories and literature, I will try to identify some of the key different HR practices and policies in Russia as compared to those of wes tern countries like UK. Compensation, bonuses, incentives In Russia, many of the small and mid size companies have no standard compensation system. There were no systematic, equitable pay scales and incentive structures flexible nice to withstand periods of growth and change. Most of the Russian companies main goal is to provide full employment. Unlike UK and American companies, Russian companies paid bonuses and incentives to their employees irrespective of their performance.However incentive pay was a traditional and integral part of the Russian compensation system. Most of the bonuses were divided equally across the organization or among members of a specific work group. Since employees received incentives regardless of individual performance, they came to see them much than as an entitlement than as a honor for good performance (Puffer & Shekshnia, 1996). This approach complemented with the Russian culture of collectivism and high uncertainty avoidance. Unlike Russian cultur e, UK culture is more about individualism and social responsibility.In UK HR practices, the compensation system is center towards employees performance. Management of individual performance In Russia the HR have a different approach towards management of Individual performance and constructive discipline. Russian organization practices extensively the use of fines as a central focus of discipline systems. The employees are fined for e very(prenominal) conceivable infraction. In fact some companies in Russia posted a list of standard fines to the employees as a reminder to the consequences of breaking rules. In contrast to this, UK HR practice follows a positive reinforcement and effective feedback proficiencys.The companies in UK have a nut performance appraisal and a feedback system. This helps in keeping track of an employee performance and interest and gives them effective feedback. need techniques In Russia the HR practice follows a centralized planning system on individual m otivation. The company through its experience tries to motivate employees in ways which work best at that time. The basic technique of their motivation is to provide monetary benefits to the employees. This creates an even more expectation despite of employees lackluster performance.However in UK, the HR practices not only focused on employees motivation but also to maintain a high level. The HR in UK uses non-monetary strategies to motivate employees. Some of them are job enrichment, cross-training, and organizational support of training and education. Recruiting and staffing The recruitment and staffing procedures in Russia is completely different from UK. In Russia, the HR practices do not lay emphasis on spending time and money for recruiting qualified employees. The companies in Russia do not spend on advertisement for recruitment. The whole recruiting and staffing procedures is rudimentary.In contrast the UK HR practices have organized practical application and selection proc ess such as testing, group and individual interviewing. The companies in UK spend a colossal amount of money on advertisement to recruit qualified employees. More over recruiting and staffing is considered as one of the central strategies of HR management in UK. Internal Communication Russian and British companies both(prenominal) go through the importance of good internal communication for smooth running of the business. However the communication happens more naturally in UK than in Russia. In fact internal communication is a key challenge in Russia.Lack of this communication between people is a problem in smooth running of the business. In Russia there is a common belief that if you tell too much you are losing the power. Russians love to public lecture about daily affairs except the core things for the company. Historically Russian organizations have been good at vertical flow of selective information but very poor with horizontal flow of information. In both Russia and UK, companies use formalized mechanisms to increase internal communication flow. This system includes instruments like intranets, newsletters, regular department/company meetings, suggestion boxes/systems, etc.The formalized mechanism seems to be more useful for Russia, since UK employees indicates that by the time the information was available via formal channels, they often already knew much of the information from informal channels. In UK, employees were much more likely to share useful information with another employee through informal channels than was the case in Russia. Training and Development Training and development formed more competitive HR strategies in UK than Russia and were more formalized in the UK than Russia. The UK employees have more diverse backgrounds and work in areas which they are not originally trained.Hence they require more formalized training. In UK all the trainings and development is supervised and coordinated by the HR department. The HR department str ictly monitors the training progress. In UK, the initiative for training comes from individual, superiors or the HR department. The trainings are conducted once the HR department has the formal discussion with the employee. However in Russia, the practice of on the job training is more prevalent. In Russia an informal training approach is used as some of the people have the desired skill set for the job.When talking about training and development for Russian employees, many HR and senior managers in Western firms maintain that a mix of hard and soft approaches and styles is necessary. Conclusion The HRM is transitioning from the traditional model which was focused only on administrative issues to a new HRM mental image which lays emphasis on the strategic dimension of human capital management. The new responsibilities of HR require an integration of human capital in corporate strategy, to overcome the complex and diverse global labor market and to be able to incorporate young empl oyees differing values and expectations than their predecessors.Due to global economic downturn, investments in human capital are not likely to be a high priority for organization whose very survival is threatened by the global downturn. But for companies with strong balance sheets and compelling business models, the economic downturn presents important opportunities to strengthen their HR management capabilities and position them for the inevitable rebound Utilizing slack time to engage employees in professional development and technical training programs.This serves both to sharpen skills and to preserve morale during tough times. Opportunistic hiring of keen individuals caught in downsizing at weaker enterprises, which augments the companys human capital base for long-term growth Promoting cross-divisional and cross-functional collaboration. This improves utilization of human resources and encourages teamwork between employees who previously had little or no contact.While termi nation of employees is an avoidably painful process, how companies manage downsizing is an important component of human resource management. freehearted treatment of departing workers including high-quality placement services and severance packages not only creates goodwill among former employees who will chat favorably about the company and who may indeed return as boomerangs.It also burnishes the companys image as an attractive workplace (employer brand) and thereby strengthens its capacity to recruit and retain talented persons when the economy recovers. Bibliography Beardwell, J. And Claydon, T. (2007) Human Resource Management A contemporary approach. 5th ed. , Harlow Pearson Education Ltd http//www. goinglobal. com/hot_topics/russia_jerome_education. asp http//mams. rmit. edu. au/d4lhtsmk45c. pdf http//www. rsmmcgladrey. com/pdf/managinghrglobal. pdf

Epidemiology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Epidemiology - Essay ExampleAn archetypal epidemiologic question may entail the number of parvenue cases of AIDS that were reported in relation to teenager in the American society in a given year. The estimates will demonstrate the occurrence of the disease and whether an increase or decrease is experienced in the age group.Epidemiology is a vital tool for the wellness and safety of communities, and the whole populace, as epidemiologists discover and measuring resolutions associated with health within a chosen population. As a result, the scientific field formulates various models of how an event occurs to develop a better understanding of the health events on an advanced level. In this case, the field is utilized as problem-solving process. For instance, the occurrence of an unknown virus within a population requires the expertise of epidemiologists to analyze its alkali causes. The analysis results in advanced knowledge about the virus and, as a result, its root causes be dis covered, which proves beneficial in the prevention of a similar occurrence (Oleske, 2009).The scientific field is imperative to world health as it provides a basis for scrutinizing, prioritizing, and evaluating as well as developing public health activities and programs. Health programs are developed when need arises, and the field of epidemiology is beneficial in the assessment of needs. For instance, the scientific domain answers question associated with current problems typifying a community and adequacy and accessibility of health services. In this context, epidemiology can be utilized as a health surveillance tool to assess the scope and frequency of authorisation health problems through surveys in order to evaluate the need for health programs (Smith, 2001).The realm of medicine requires more(prenominal) studies that analyze the various aspects of contemporary issues, because it is a human biology as well as a social science typified by rapid changes. Epidemiology is broad with enormous

The Natural Rate of Unemployment Research Proposal

The Natural valuate of Unemployment - Research Proposal ExampleAccording to the model, the workers and the firms undertake negotiation in order to decide on the nominal this. This negotiation is done irrespective of the expected price level of the providence. The nominal earnings is obdurate as the product of the target real profits rate and the expected level of price in the economy. Most of the economists are of the opinion that the nominal wage in the economy is sticky in the hornswoggle run. With a sticky nominal wage in the economy, the prices would addition from P to P0. This would reduce the real wage rate in the economy.Since the wages are the prices for mash the demand curve for comminute would be a downward sloping curve and the supply curve would be an upward rising one. The now the labor market would comprise of the employed and the unemployed labor force. Thus the total labor in the economy would beTherefore the level of unemployed in the economy would be LN, wh ere L is the total labor force, N is the employed and U is unemployed. Therefore the natural rate of unemployment in the economy would be U* / L.Now the wage setting relation establishes a negative relationship between the real wage that exists in the economy and the rate of unemployment existing in the economy. This relation can be represented by the downward sloping curve that is shown in the diagram below. As the rate of unemployment in the economy would increase the wages that the laborers would demand would be less (Broughton, 2009. pp. 3-5).